HEADLINE: US lacked uniform vehicle emission standards for reducing air pollution.
Vehicle must meet Tier 3 emission standards; EPA Certificate of Conformity required; CARB compliance for California
Civil penalty up to $44,539 per vehicle; recall order
Mandatory Deadline: Phased in 2017–2025; full compliance required by 2025
Affected HS Codes: 8703, 8704, 8705
Issuing Authority: US Environmental Protection Agency